Image Credits

The deep sky object images displayed on this site are sourced from Wikimedia Commons. We gratefully acknowledge the following photographers, observatories, and space agencies.

License Summary

Messier Catalog Images

M1 Public domain NASA, ESA, J. Hester and A. Loll (Arizona State University) Source
M2 Public domain en:NASA, en:STScI, en:WikiSky Source
M3 CC BY 4.0 Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA, G. Piotto et al. Source
M4 CC BY-SA 4.0 Starhopper Source
M5 CC BY-SA 4.0 Starhopper Source
M6 Unknown Unknown Source
M7 CC BY-SA 4.0 Starhopper Source
M8 Unknown Unknown Source
M9 Public domain en:NASA, en:STScI, en:WikiSky Source
M10 Public domain en:NASA, en:STScI, en:WikiSky Source
M11 Public domain Unknown Source
M12 Public domain en:NASA, en:STScI, en:WikiSky Source
M13 Public domain en:NASA, en:STScI, en:WikiSky Source
M14 Unknown Unknown Source
M15 Public domain ESA/Hubble & NASA Source
M16 CC BY 4.0 ESO Source
M17 Public domain NASA, ESA and J. Hester (ASU) Source
M18 CC BY-SA 4.0 Fabian Rodriguez Frustaglia Source
M19 Public domain en:NASA, en:STScI, en:WikiSky Source
M20 Public domain NASA, JPL-Caltech, J. Rho (SSC/Caltech) Source
M21 CC BY-SA 4.0 Rick Saunders Source
M22 Public domain Unknown Source
M23 Unknown Unknown Source
M24 Unknown Unknown Source
M25 Unknown Unknown Source
M26 CC BY 4.0 Hillary Mathis, Vanessa Harvey, REU program/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA Source
M27 Unknown Unknown Source
M28 Public domain en:NASA, en:STScI, en:WikiSky Source
M29 Public domain Unknown Source
M30 Public domain en:NASA, en:STScI, en:WikiSky Source
M31 CC BY-SA 4.0 Michael S Adler Source
M32 Unknown Unknown Source
M33 CC BY-SA 4.0 Michael S Adler Source
M34 CC BY-SA 2.5 Ole Nielsen Source
M35 Unknown Unknown Source
M36 CC0 Chuck Ayoub Source
M37 CC BY-SA 4.0 Jim Mazur Source
M38 CC BY-SA 2.5 Unknown Source
M39 Unknown Unknown Source
M41 Unknown Unknown Source
M42 Public domain NASA, ESA, M. Robberto (Space Telescope Science Institute/ESA) and the Hubble Space Telescope Orion ... Source
M43 Unknown Unknown Source
M44 CC BY-SA 4.0 Stuart Heggie Source
M45 Public domain NASA, ESA, AURA/Caltech, Palomar Observatory The science team consists of: D. Soderblom and E. Nela... Source
M46 CC BY-SA 4.0 Starhopper Source
M47 CC BY 4.0 NOIRLab / NSF / AURA Source
M48 CC BY-SA 2.5 Ole Nielsen Source
M49 Unknown Unknown Source
M50 Unknown Unknown Source
M51 CC BY-SA 4.0 Silasmawd Source
M52 Public domain Unknown Source
M53 Unknown Unknown Source
M54 Public domain en:NASA, en:STScI, en:WikiSky Source
M55 CC BY-SA 3.0 Hewholooks Source
M56 Public domain en:NASA, en:STScI, en:WikiSky Source
M57 Public domain The Hubble Heritage Team (AURA/STScI/NASA) Source
M58 Public domain Credit: SIRTF/en:NASA/en:JPL. Source
M59 Unknown Unknown Source
M60 Public domain NASA, ESA, CXC, and J. Strader (Michigan State University) Source
M61 Unknown Unknown Source
M62 Public domain en:NASA, en:STScI, en:WikiSky Source
M63 CC BY 3.0 Jschulman555 Source
M64 Public domain NASA and The Hubble Heritage Team (AURA/STScI) Source
M65 CC BY 4.0 Sloan Digital Sky Survey Source
M66 Public domain Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrar... Source
M67 Unknown Unknown Source
M68 Public domain en:NASA, en:STScI, en:WikiSky Source
M69 Public domain en:NASA, en:STScI, en:WikiSky Source
M70 Public domain en:NASA, en:STScI, en:WikiSky Source
M71 Unknown Unknown Source
M72 Public domain Unknown Source
M73 Unknown Unknown Source
M74 Unknown Unknown Source
M75 Unknown Unknown Source
M76 CC BY 2.5 The original uploader was Vanderbei at English Wikipedia. Source
M77 Unknown Unknown Source
M78 Unknown Unknown Source
M79 CC BY 4.0 NASA and ESA Acknowledgement: S. Djorgovski (Caltech) and F. Ferraro (University of Bologna) Source
M80 Unknown Unknown Source
M81 CC BY 2.0 Carsten Frenzl Source
M82 CC BY-SA 4.0 Radu.marinescu.996 Source
M83 CC BY 4.0 (Credit) ESO Source
M84 Public domain Unknown Source
M85 Public domain Unknown Source
M86 Unknown Unknown Source
M87 Unknown Unknown Source
M88 CC BY-SA 4.0 Ngc1535 Source
M89 Unknown Unknown Source
M90 Public domain Unknown Source
M91 CC BY-SA 4.0 NASA, ESA, and J. Lee (California Institute of Technology) Source
M92 Unknown Unknown Source
M93 Unknown Unknown Source
M94 CC BY-SA 3.0 R Jay Gabany (Blackbird Obs.) Source
M95 Unknown Unknown Source
M96 Public domain Unknown Source
M97 Unknown Unknown Source
M98 Public domain Unknown Source
M99 Unknown Unknown Source
M100 CC BY 3.0 Jschulman555 Source
M101 CC BY 2.0 Jim Keller Source
M102 Unknown Unknown Source
M103 CC BY-SA 4.0 Jim Mazur Source
M104 CC BY 4.0 ESA/Hubble & NASA, K. Noll Source
M105 Unknown Unknown Source
M106 Unknown Unknown Source
M107 Unknown Unknown Source
M108 Unknown Unknown Source
M109 Public domain Unknown Source
M110 Unknown Unknown Source

Additional Credits